Tacotron 2 - Earlier this year, Google published a paper, Tacotron: A Fully End-to-End Text-To-Speech Synthesis Model , where they present a neural text-to-speech model that learns to synthesize speech directly from (text, audio) pairs. However, they didn't release their source code or training data. This is an attempt to provide an open-source ...

 
Comprehensive Tacotron2 - PyTorch Implementation. PyTorch Implementation of Google's Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictions.Unlike many previous implementations, this is kind of a Comprehensive Tacotron2 where the model supports both single-, multi-speaker TTS and several techniques such as reduction factor to enforce the robustness of the decoder alignment.. Cookie policy

Tacotron2 is a mel-spectrogram generator, designed to be used as the first part of a neural text-to-speech system in conjunction with a neural vocoder. Model Architecture ------------------ Tacotron 2 is a LSTM-based Encoder-Attention-Decoder model that converts text to mel spectrograms.The Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow model form a text-to-speech system that enables user to synthesise a natural sounding…Si no tienes los audios con este formato, activa esta casilla para hacer la conversión, a parte de normalización y eliminación de silencios. audio_processing : drive_path : ". ". 4. Sube la transcripción. 📝. La transcripción debe ser un archivo .TXT formateado en UTF-8 sin BOM.docker build -t tacotron-2_image docker/ Then containers are runnable with: docker run -i --name new_container tacotron-2_image. Please report any issues with the Docker usage with our models, I'll get to it. Thanks! Dataset: We tested the code above on the ljspeech dataset, which has almost 24 hours of labeled single actress voice recording ...Tacotron2 like most NeMo models are defined as a LightningModule, allowing for easy training via PyTorch Lightning, and parameterized by a configuration, currently defined via a yaml file and...GitHub - JasonWei512/Tacotron-2-Chinese: 中文语音合成，改自 https ...TacoTron 2. TACOTRON 2. CookiePPP Tacotron 2 Colabs. This is the main Synthesis Colab. This is the simplified Synthesis Colab. This is supposedly a newer version of the simplified Synthesis Colab. For the sake of completeness, this is the training colabtacotron_pytorch. PyTorch implementation of Tacotron speech synthesis model. Inspired from keithito/tacotron. Currently not as much good speech quality as keithito/tacotron can generate, but it seems to be basically working. You can find some generated speech examples trained on LJ Speech Dataset at here.Tacotron 2 is a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. It consists of two components: a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network with attention which predicts a sequence of mel spectrogram frames from an input character sequence. Once readied for production, Tacotron 2 could be an even more powerful addition to the service. However, the system is only trained to mimic the one female voice; to speak like a male or different ...We have the TorToiSe repo, the SV2TTS repo, and from here you have the other models like Tacotron 2, FastSpeech 2, and such. A there is a lot that goes into training a baseline for these models on the LJSpeech and LibriTTS datasets. Fine tuning is left up to the user.Given <text, audio> pairs, Tacotron can be trained completely from scratch with random initialization. It does not require phoneme-level alignment, so it can easily scale to using large amounts of acoustic data with transcripts. With a simple waveform synthesis technique, Tacotron produces a 3.82 mean opinion score (MOS) on an🤪 TensorFlowTTS provides real-time state-of-the-art speech synthesis architectures such as Tacotron-2, Melgan, Multiband-Melgan, FastSpeech, FastSpeech2 based-on TensorFlow 2. With Tensorflow 2, we can speed-up training/inference progress, optimizer further by using fake-quantize aware and pruning , make TTS models can be run faster than ...Earlier this year, Google published a paper, Tacotron: A Fully End-to-End Text-To-Speech Synthesis Model , where they present a neural text-to-speech model that learns to synthesize speech directly from (text, audio) pairs. However, they didn't release their source code or training data. This is an attempt to provide an open-source ...The Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow model enables you to efficiently synthesize high quality speech from text. Both models are trained with mixed precision using Tensor Cores on Volta, Turing, and the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architectures.2.2. Spectrogram Prediction Network As in Tacotron, mel spectrograms are computed through a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) using a 50 ms frame size, 12.5 ms frame hop, and a Hann window function. We experimented with a 5 ms frame hop to match the frequency of the conditioning inputs in the original WaveNet, but the corresponding increase ...The Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow model form a text-to-speech system that enables user to synthesise a natural sounding speech from raw transcripts without any additional prosody information. The...Abstract: This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain waveforms from those spectrograms.In this demo, you will hear speech synthesis results between our unsupervised TTS system and a supervised TTS sytem. The generated utterances are from the following algorithms: Unsupervised Tacotron 2 – The proposed unsupervised TTS algorithm trained without any paired speech and text data. Supervised Tacotron 2 – A state-of-the-art ...Tacotron2 like most NeMo models are defined as a LightningModule, allowing for easy training via PyTorch Lightning, and parameterized by a configuration, currently defined via a yaml file and...1. Despite recent progress in the training of large language models like GPT-2 for the Persian language, there is little progress in the training or even open-sourcing Persian TTS models. Recently ...Part 1 will help you with downloading an audio file and how to cut and transcribe it. This will get you ready to use it in tacotron 2.Audacity download: http...Tacotron2 is the model we use to generate spectrogram from the encoded text. For the detail of the model, please refer to the paper. It is easy to instantiate a Tacotron2 model with pretrained weight, however, note that the input to Tacotron2 models need to be processed by the matching text processor.2.2. Spectrogram Prediction Network As in Tacotron, mel spectrograms are computed through a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) using a 50 ms frame size, 12.5 ms frame hop, and a Hann window function. We experimented with a 5 ms frame hop to match the frequency of the conditioning inputs in the original WaveNet, but the corresponding increase ...Tacotron 2 is a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. It consists of two components: a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network with attention which predicts a sequence of mel spectrogram frames from an input character sequence a modified version of WaveNet which generates time-domain waveform samples conditioned on the predicted mel spectrogram ...Abstract: This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain waveforms from those spectrograms.Pull requests. Mimic Recording Studio is a Docker-based application you can install to record voice samples, which can then be trained into a TTS voice with Mimic2. docker voice microphone tts mycroft hacktoberfest recording-studio tacotron mimic mycroftai tts-engine. Updated on Apr 28.If you get a P4 or K80, factory reset the runtime and try again. Step 2: Mount Google Drive. Step 3: Configure training data paths. Upload the following to your Drive and change the paths below: Step 4: Download Tacotron and HiFi-GAN. Step 5: Generate ground truth-aligned spectrograms.Text2Spec models (Tacotron, Tacotron2, Glow-TTS, SpeedySpeech). Speaker Encoder to compute speaker embeddings efficiently. Vocoder models (MelGAN, Multiband-MelGAN, GAN-TTS, ParallelWaveGAN, WaveGrad, WaveRNN) Fast and efficient model training. Detailed training logs on console and Tensorboard. Support for multi-speaker TTS.2.2. Spectrogram Prediction Network As in Tacotron, mel spectrograms are computed through a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) using a 50 ms frame size, 12.5 ms frame hop, and a Hann window function. We experimented with a 5 ms frame hop to match the frequency of the conditioning inputs in the original WaveNet, but the corresponding increase ...In this tutorial i am going to explain the paper "Natural TTS synthesis by conditioning wavenet on Mel-Spectrogram predictions"Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1...Abstract: This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain ...The recently developed TTS engines are shifting towards end-to-end approaches utilizing models such as Tacotron, Tacotron-2, WaveNet, and WaveGlow. The reason is that it enables a TTS service provider to focus on developing training and validating datasets comprising of labelled texts and recorded speeches instead of designing an entirely new ...Abstract: This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain waveforms from those spectrograms.Instructions for setting up Colab are as follows: 1. Open a new Python 3 notebook. 2. Import this notebook from GitHub (File -> Upload Notebook -> "GITHUB" tab -> copy/paste GitHub URL) 3. Connect to an instance with a GPU (Runtime -> Change runtime type -> select "GPU" for hardware accelerator) 4. Run this cell to set up dependencies# .These features, an 80-dimensional audio spectrogram with frames computed every 12.5 milliseconds, capture not only pronunciation of words, but also various subtleties of human speech, including volume, speed and intonation. Finally these features are converted to a 24 kHz waveform using a WaveNet -like architecture.Model Description. The Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow model form a text-to-speech system that enables user to synthesise a natural sounding speech from raw transcripts without any additional prosody information. The Tacotron 2 model produces mel spectrograms from input text using encoder-decoder architecture.2개 모델 모두 train 후, tacotron에서 생성한 mel spectrogram을 wavent에 local condition으로 넣어 test하면 된다. Tacotron2 Training train_tacotron2.py 내에서 '--data_paths'를 지정한 후, train할 수 있다. data_path는 여러개의 데이터 디렉토리를 지정할 수 있습니다.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Part 1 will help you with downloading an audio file and how to cut and transcribe it. This will get you ready to use it in tacotron 2.Audacity download: http...In this video, I am going to talk about the new Tacotron 2- google's the text to speech system that is as close to human speech till date.If you like the vid...In our recent paper, we propose WaveGlow: a flow-based network capable of generating high quality speech from mel-spectrograms. WaveGlow combines insights from Glow and WaveNet in order to provide fast, efficient and high-quality audio synthesis, without the need for auto-regression. WaveGlow is implemented using only a single network, trained ...In this video, I am going to talk about the new Tacotron 2- google's the text to speech system that is as close to human speech till date.If you like the vid...These features, an 80-dimensional audio spectrogram with frames computed every 12.5 milliseconds, capture not only pronunciation of words, but also various subtleties of human speech, including volume, speed and intonation. Finally these features are converted to a 24 kHz waveform using a WaveNet -like architecture.Tacotron2 like most NeMo models are defined as a LightningModule, allowing for easy training via PyTorch Lightning, and parameterized by a configuration, currently defined via a yaml file and...Apr 4, 2023 · The Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow model enables you to efficiently synthesize high quality speech from text. Both models are trained with mixed precision using Tensor Cores on Volta, Turing, and the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architectures. 2개 모델 모두 train 후, tacotron에서 생성한 mel spectrogram을 wavent에 local condition으로 넣어 test하면 된다. Tacotron2 Training train_tacotron2.py 내에서 '--data_paths'를 지정한 후, train할 수 있다. data_path는 여러개의 데이터 디렉토리를 지정할 수 있습니다.If you get a P4 or K80, factory reset the runtime and try again. Step 2: Mount Google Drive. Step 3: Configure training data paths. Upload the following to your Drive and change the paths below: Step 4: Download Tacotron and HiFi-GAN. Step 5: Generate ground truth-aligned spectrograms.2.2. Spectrogram Prediction Network As in Tacotron, mel spectrograms are computed through a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) using a 50 ms frame size, 12.5 ms frame hop, and a Hann window function. We experimented with a 5 ms frame hop to match the frequency of the conditioning inputs in the original WaveNet, but the corresponding increase ...With the aim of adapting a source Text to Speech (TTS) model to synthesize a personal voice by using a few speech samples from the target speaker, voice cloning provides a specific TTS service. Although the Tacotron 2-based multi-speaker TTS system can implement voice cloning by introducing a d-vector into the speaker encoder, the speaker characteristics described by the d-vector cannot allow ...I worked on Tacotron-2’s implementation and experimentation as a part of my Grad school course for three months with a Munich based AI startup called Luminovo.AI . I wanted to develop such a ...This is a proof of concept for Tacotron2 text-to-speech synthesis. Models used here were trained on LJSpeech dataset. Notice: The waveform generation is super slow since it implements naive autoregressive generation. It doesn't use parallel generation method described in Parallel WaveNet. Estimated time to complete: 2 ~ 3 hours.Abstract: This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain ...Tacotron 2. หลังจากที่ได้รู้จักความเป็นมาของเทคโนโลยี TTS จากในอดีตจนถึงปัจจุบันแล้ว ผมจะแกะกล่องเทคโนโลยีของ Tacotron 2 ให้ดูกัน ซึ่งอย่างที่กล่าวไป ...keonlee9420 / Comprehensive-Tacotron2. Star 37. Code. Issues. Pull requests. PyTorch Implementation of Google's Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictions. This implementation supports both single-, multi-speaker TTS and several techniques to enforce the robustness and efficiency of the model. text-to-speech ...Download our published Tacotron 2 model; Download our published WaveGlow model; jupyter notebook --ip=127.0.0.1 --port=31337; Load inference.ipynb; N.b. When performing Mel-Spectrogram to Audio synthesis, make sure Tacotron 2 and the Mel decoder were trained on the same mel-spectrogram representation. Related reposOnce readied for production, Tacotron 2 could be an even more powerful addition to the service. However, the system is only trained to mimic the one female voice; to speak like a male or different ...Overall, Almost models here are licensed under the Apache 2.0 for all countries in the world, except in Viet Nam this framework cannot be used for production in any way without permission from TensorFlowTTS's Authors. There is an exception, Tacotron-2 can be used with any purpose.TacotronV2生成Mel文件，利用griffin lim算法恢复语音，修改脚本 tacotron_synthesize.py 中text python tacotron_synthesize . py 或命令行输入The Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow model enables you to efficiently synthesize high quality speech from text. Both models are trained with mixed precision using Tensor Cores on Volta, Turing, and the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architectures. Therefore, researchers can get results 2.0x faster for Tacotron 2 and 3.1x faster for WaveGlow than training without ...So here is where I am at: Installed Docker, confirmed up and running, all good. Downloaded Tacotron2 via git cmd-line - success. Executed this command: sudo docker build -t tacotron-2_image -f docker/Dockerfile docker/ - a lot of stuff happened that seemed successful, but at the end, there was an error: Package libav-tools is not available, but ...Apr 4, 2023 · The Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow model enables you to efficiently synthesize high quality speech from text. Both models are trained with mixed precision using Tensor Cores on Volta, Turing, and the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architectures. Once readied for production, Tacotron 2 could be an even more powerful addition to the service. However, the system is only trained to mimic the one female voice; to speak like a male or different ...Kết quả: Đạt MOS ấn tượng - 4.53, vượt trội so với Tacotron. Ưu điểm: Đạt được các ưu điểm như Tacotron, thậm chí nổi bật hơn. Chi phí và thời gian tính toán được cải thiện đáng kể vo sới Tacotron. Nhược điểm: Khả năng sinh âm thanh chậm, hay bị mất, lặp từ như ...In this video I will show you How to Clone ANYONE'S Voice Using AI with Tacotron running on a Google Colab notebook. We'll be training artificial intelligenc...Part 2 will help you put your audio files and transcriber into tacotron to make your deep fake. If you need additional help, leave a comment. URL to notebook...Overall, Almost models here are licensed under the Apache 2.0 for all countries in the world, except in Viet Nam this framework cannot be used for production in any way without permission from TensorFlowTTS's Authors. There is an exception, Tacotron-2 can be used with any purpose.Dec 19, 2017 · These features, an 80-dimensional audio spectrogram with frames computed every 12.5 milliseconds, capture not only pronunciation of words, but also various subtleties of human speech, including volume, speed and intonation. Finally these features are converted to a 24 kHz waveform using a WaveNet -like architecture. tts2 recipe. tts2 recipe is based on Tacotron2’s spectrogram prediction network [1] and Tacotron’s CBHG module [2]. Instead of using inverse mel-basis, CBHG module is used to convert log mel-filter bank to linear spectrogram. The recovery of the phase components is the same as tts1. v.0.4.0: tacotron2.v2.Hello, just to share my results.I’m stopping at 47 k steps for tacotron 2: The gaps seems normal for my data and not affecting the performance. As reference for others: Final audios: (feature-23 is a mouth twister) 47k.zip (1,0 MB) Experiment with new LPCNet model: real speech.wav = audio from the training set old lpcnet model.wav = generated using the real features of real speech.wav with ...Dec 19, 2017 · These features, an 80-dimensional audio spectrogram with frames computed every 12.5 milliseconds, capture not only pronunciation of words, but also various subtleties of human speech, including volume, speed and intonation. Finally these features are converted to a 24 kHz waveform using a WaveNet -like architecture. This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain waveforms from those spectrograms.Tacotron 2 Speech Synthesis Tutorial by Jonx0r. Publication date 2021-05-05 Usage Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Topics tacotron, skyrim, machine ...It contains also a few samples synthesized by a monolingual vanilla Tacotron trained on LJ Speech with the Griffin-Lim vocoder (a sanity check of our implementation). Our best model supporting code-switching or voice-cloning can be downloaded here and the best model trained on the whole CSS10 dataset without the ambition to do voice-cloning is ...Part 2 will help you put your audio files and transcriber into tacotron to make your deep fake. If you need additional help, leave a comment. URL to notebook...Instructions for setting up Colab are as follows: 1. Open a new Python 3 notebook. 2. Import this notebook from GitHub (File -> Upload Notebook -> "GITHUB" tab -> copy/paste GitHub URL) 3. Connect to an instance with a GPU (Runtime -> Change runtime type -> select "GPU" for hardware accelerator) 4. Run this cell to set up dependencies# .This is a proof of concept for Tacotron2 text-to-speech synthesis. Models used here were trained on LJSpeech dataset. Notice: The waveform generation is super slow since it implements naive autoregressive generation. It doesn't use parallel generation method described in Parallel WaveNet. Estimated time to complete: 2 ~ 3 hours.Tacotron 2 (without wavenet) PyTorch implementation of Natural TTS Synthesis By Conditioning Wavenet On Mel Spectrogram Predictions . This implementation includes distributed and automatic mixed precision support and uses the LJSpeech dataset .Kết quả: Đạt MOS ấn tượng - 4.53, vượt trội so với Tacotron. Ưu điểm: Đạt được các ưu điểm như Tacotron, thậm chí nổi bật hơn. Chi phí và thời gian tính toán được cải thiện đáng kể vo sới Tacotron. Nhược điểm: Khả năng sinh âm thanh chậm, hay bị mất, lặp từ như ...tts2 recipe. tts2 recipe is based on Tacotron2’s spectrogram prediction network [1] and Tacotron’s CBHG module [2]. Instead of using inverse mel-basis, CBHG module is used to convert log mel-filter bank to linear spectrogram. The recovery of the phase components is the same as tts1. v.0.4.0: tacotron2.v2.2 branches 1 tag. Code. justinjohn0306 Add files via upload. ea031e1 on Jul 8. 163 commits. assets. Add files via upload. last year.🤪 TensorFlowTTS provides real-time state-of-the-art speech synthesis architectures such as Tacotron-2, Melgan, Multiband-Melgan, FastSpeech, FastSpeech2 based-on TensorFlow 2. With Tensorflow 2, we can speed-up training/inference progress, optimizer further by using fake-quantize aware and pruning , make TTS models can be run faster than ...1. Despite recent progress in the training of large language models like GPT-2 for the Persian language, there is little progress in the training or even open-sourcing Persian TTS models. Recently ...

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tacotron 2

Tacotron2 is an encoder-attention-decoder. The encoder is made of three parts in sequence: 1) a word embedding, 2) a convolutional network, and 3) a bi-directional LSTM. The encoded represented is connected to the decoder via a Location Sensitive Attention module. The decoder is comprised of a 2 layer LSTM network, a convolutional postnet, and ...🤪 TensorFlowTTS provides real-time state-of-the-art speech synthesis architectures such as Tacotron-2, Melgan, Multiband-Melgan, FastSpeech, FastSpeech2 based-on TensorFlow 2. With Tensorflow 2, we can speed-up training/inference progress, optimizer further by using fake-quantize aware and pruning , make TTS models can be run faster than ...This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain waveforms from those spectrograms.Abstract: This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain ...DeepVoice 3, Tacotron, Tacotron 2, Char2wav, and ParaNet use attention-based seq2seq architectures (Vaswani et al., 2017). Speech synthesis systems based on Deep Neuronal Networks (DNNs) are now outperforming the so-called classical speech synthesis systems such as concatenative unit selection synthesis and HMMs that are (almost) no longer seen ...Tacotron-2 + Multi-band MelGAN Unless you work on a ship, it's unlikely that you use the word boatswain in everyday conversation, so it's understandably a tricky one. The word - which refers to a petty officer in charge of hull maintenance is not pronounced boats-wain Rather, it's bo-sun to reflect the salty pronunciation of sailors, as The ...Abstract: This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain waveforms from those spectrograms.This script takes text as input and runs Tacotron 2 and then WaveGlow inference to produce an audio file. It requires pre-trained checkpoints from Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow models, input text, speaker_id and emotion_id. Change paths to checkpoints of pretrained Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow in the cell [2] of the inference.ipynb.This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain waveforms from those spectrograms.We are thankful to the Tacotron 2 paper authors, specially Jonathan Shen, Yuxuan Wang and Zongheng Yang. About Tacotron 2 - PyTorch implementation with faster-than-realtime inference modified to enable cross lingual voice cloning.By Xu Tan , Senior Researcher Neural network based text to speech (TTS) has made rapid progress in recent years. Previous neural TTS models (e.g., Tacotron 2) first generate mel-spectrograms autoregressively from text and then synthesize speech from the generated mel-spectrograms using a separately trained vocoder. They usually suffer from slow inference speed, robustness (word skipping and ...This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize timedomain waveforms from those spectrograms.Tacotron-2 + Multi-band MelGAN Unless you work on a ship, it's unlikely that you use the word boatswain in everyday conversation, so it's understandably a tricky one. The word - which refers to a petty officer in charge of hull maintenance is not pronounced boats-wain Rather, it's bo-sun to reflect the salty pronunciation of sailors, as The ....

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