Pepto bismol expired 1 year ago - An expiration date is a window of liability — the less time a food manufacturer is responsible for the item, the better for them. The same is true for over-the-counter medicines. It might seem like taking expired medicine is a bit more serious than swigging some perfectly-fine-smelling expired milk, and it can be: If the medicine is a life-or ...

 
Yes: It is a long established liquid product that aids in digestive upset. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank.. Bank of atchison

Since a law was passed in 1979, drug manufacturers are required to stamp an expiration date on their products. This is the date at which the manufacturer can still guarantee the full potency and safety of the drug. Most of what is known about drug expiration dates comes from a study conducted by the Food and Drug Administration at the request ...Pepto-Bismol - Why does the label now say not to take it if you have an ulcer? My Dr just suggested I take it to help me feel better while the ulcer heals. Updated 7 Dec 2017 1 answer. Pepto-Bismol - Still Black stool after kaopectate 4 days ago. Any cause of concern?28 year old healthy female.I had a stomach bug 8 days ago. I am still having stomach cramps, pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) helps but pain comes back."i have pepto-bismol which has been expired since 11/2015 is it still fine to take for nausea?" Answered by Dr. Richard Bensinger: Not a problem: The ingredients will ...Pepto Bismol Expired 4 Months Ago . If you have a bottle of Pepto Bismol that expired 4 months ago, is it still safe to take? The answer may surprise you. It turns out that Pepto Bismol actually has a pretty long shelf life – up to 3 years after the expiration date, according to the manufacturer.The only time your medicine might have an earlier expiration date is if you leave it in direct sunlight or in a hot and humid place. "No medication should be in direct sunlight or next to direct heat or in a very humid environment. That will change the expiration," Hartzell said. "So bathrooms, even though we have a medicine cabinet in the ...3.6M subscribers in the NoStupidQuestions community. Ask away! Do Pepto Bismol chewable tablets expire? The last time I purchased them was about 2 years ago but they don’t have an expiration date on them :(Pepto-Bismol is considered to be quite safe for short-term usage by adults and children who are age 12 or over. When used effectively, the only side effect may be a momentary and safe blackening of the tongue or of the stool. In some cases, the medication might work too well, with constipation as an outcome. Pepto-Bismol is only recommended for ...The expiration date is usually about two to three years after the manufacturing date. However, you may still be able to use Pepto-Bismol after the expiration date if it has been stored properly. How Long is Pepto Bismol Good for After Opening . It\’s always disappointing when you have an upset stomach and realize that you\’re out of Pepto ...Once Pepto-Bismol expires, it’s no longer effective at treating upset stomach, heartburn, or indigestion. So, if you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol that expired two years ago, it’s best to throw it away. Pepto bismol expired 3 months ago. If you have some Pepto-Bismol that expired 3 months ago, you may be wondering if it’s still effective. Not a problem: The ingredients will be insufficiently changed from that expiration date to make a difference. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry.It is not recommended to consume expired Pepto Bismol as it can be hazardous to your health. While some medications remain in good condition even after expiry, you must ensure that you get fresh, unexpired medications. Certain medicines may cause harmful negative effects on health when taken when the date of expiry has passed.Feb 28, 2023 · Unflavored metamucil. Probiotics. Fiber supplements. Boiled white rice. Canned, unflavored pumpkin. Electrolytes. These are all safe and efficient answers to the question of what can I give my cat for diarrhea. If you have any doubts or concerns, you can talk to your vet first. Usually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. Sep 1, 2015 · 6. Dish Detergent. You shouldn't keep your dish detergent for longer than one year if you want it to be effective. And, since you use the liquid to disinfect dishes that multiple people share ... Nov 9, 2022 · The expiration date is usually about two to three years after the manufacturing date. However, you may still be able to use Pepto-Bismol after the expiration date if it has been stored properly. How Long is Pepto Bismol Good for After Opening . It\’s always disappointing when you have an upset stomach and realize that you\’re out of Pepto ... Apr 7, 2023 · Last updated on April 7, 2023. Official answer by Drugs.com It's best to discard expired medicines as the manufacturers do not guarantee the quality or efficacy of medicines past their expiry date. https://www.drugs.com/article/drug-expiration-dates.html Drug information Pepto-Bismol Information for Consumers Side Effects of Pepto-Bismol (detailed) VDOM DHTML tml>. If my Pepto-Bismol expired on 9/2018, is it still safe to use? - Quora.Aug 22, 2021 · No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. VDOM DHTML tml>. If my Pepto-Bismol expired on 9/2018, is it still safe to use? - Quora.You should take: Pepto Bismol first then wait 3 hours before you take other medications. Or do the reverse. Pepto Bismol does affect the absorption rate and mechanis... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 342 views Answered >2 years ago. Thank.Share. Dr. Holly Maes answered. Pediatrics 38 years experience. Yes, but...: The Promethazine is fine, but I'm not a fan of Pepto -Bismol in kids. It contains an ingredient the body metabolizes to essentially aspirin, which is a big NO NO in kids during influenza season . I've actually seen a 5 year old die of aspirin overdose from taking Pepto ...Nov 28, 2017 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. Gynecology 29 years experience. No: Peptol bismol will not cause any problems with a birth control pill or increase chance of pregnancy. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 4.4k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. 3 thanks.Sep 21, 2014 · Would it be ok to give my 4 year old pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate)? if not what would you recommend I give him for an upset stomach/stomach pain? 1 doctor answer • 1 doctor weighed in Last updated Sep 21, 2014 Dr. Vivek Huilgol answered. Gastroenterology 37 years experience. Yes: The commonest side effects from pepto are black stool, black tongue, constipation and - if really overdone - tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Of course... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone.Can i drink expired pepto bismol? Tác giả: Rohto Nhật Bản 3 Tháng Ba, 2022. Chia Sẻ ...Jan 15, 2017 · Share. Dr. Holly Maes answered. Pediatrics 38 years experience. Yes, but...: The Promethazine is fine, but I'm not a fan of Pepto -Bismol in kids. It contains an ingredient the body metabolizes to essentially aspirin, which is a big NO NO in kids during influenza season . I've actually seen a 5 year old die of aspirin overdose from taking Pepto ... Oct 23, 2020 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Dec 5, 2018 · Pepto-Bismol is considered to be quite safe for short-term usage by adults and children who are age 12 or over. When used effectively, the only side effect may be a momentary and safe blackening of the tongue or of the stool. In some cases, the medication might work too well, with constipation as an outcome. Pepto-Bismol is only recommended for ... Pepto-Bismol was invented in 1901 by a doctor in New York, as a response to cholera infantum, an illness which caused severe diarrhea and vomiting. The forumula, which he originally called Mixture Cholera Infantum , consisted of pepsin , bismuth salicylate , zinc salt s, salol and oil of wintergreen , and a colorant to make it pink .You should take: Pepto Bismol first then wait 3 hours before you take other medications. Or do the reverse. Pepto Bismol does affect the absorption rate and mechanis... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 342 views Answered >2 years ago. Thank.436 views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. View 1 more answer. A female asked: ... You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired.Can i drink expired pepto bismol? Tác giả: Rohto Nhật Bản 3 Tháng Ba, 2022. Chia Sẻ ...Share. Dr. John Feola answered. Internal Medicine 33 years experience. RX UNLIKELY: Peptobismal generally well tolerated. 3 tabs still a low dose. It may cause ringing in the ears and dark BM. SEEK evaluation of any other issues develop. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone.I took some pepto bismol this morning because i was feeling nausea and now i am feeling considerably worse. i was about to take some more when i noticed it expired in october of 2018. is it possible that it made my nausea worse or is it still safe? A Verified Doctor answeredAug 22, 2021 · No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. An expiration date is a window of liability — the less time a food manufacturer is responsible for the item, the better for them. The same is true for over-the-counter medicines. It might seem like taking expired medicine is a bit more serious than swigging some perfectly-fine-smelling expired milk, and it can be: If the medicine is a life-or ...Feb 28, 2023 · Unflavored metamucil. Probiotics. Fiber supplements. Boiled white rice. Canned, unflavored pumpkin. Electrolytes. These are all safe and efficient answers to the question of what can I give my cat for diarrhea. If you have any doubts or concerns, you can talk to your vet first. Dec 6, 2019 · To take pepto-bismol tablets that expired in May 2019 - Answered by a verified Doctor ... Doctor: Onlinedoc, Doctor replied 3 years ago. Onlinedoc, Doctor. Category ... May 25, 2023 · Pepto-Bismol - Why does the label now say not to take it if you have an ulcer? My Dr just suggested I take it to help me feel better while the ulcer heals. Updated 7 Dec 2017 1 answer. Pepto-Bismol - Still Black stool after kaopectate 4 days ago. Any cause of concern? • Diarrhea, Upset Stomach, 6 to 9 years old, suspension (liquid): 10 milliliters (2/3 tablet) every 30 minutes to 1 hour up to a maximum of 8 doses daily, by mouth (1) • Diarrhea, Upset Stomach, 9 to 12 years old, suspension (liquid): 15 milliliters (1 tablet) every 30 minutes to 1 hour up to a maximum of 8 doses daily, by mouth (1)I took some pepto bismol this morning because i was feeling nausea and now i am feeling considerably worse. i was about to take some more when i noticed it expired in october of 2018. is it possible that it made my nausea worse or is it still safe? A Verified Doctor answeredDec 30, 2020 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Yes: It is a long established liquid product that aids in digestive upset. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Mar 3, 2022 · Can i drink expired pepto bismol? Tác giả: Rohto Nhật Bản 3 Tháng Ba, 2022. Chia Sẻ ... My mom thinks it's okay for me to take 2 year expired pepto bismol, (bismuth subsalicylate) is this safe? 1 doctor answer • 1 doctor weighed in Can a four year old take children's pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) and if so how much?It is not recommended to consume expired Pepto Bismol as it can be hazardous to your health. While some medications remain in good condition even after expiry, you must ensure that you get fresh, unexpired medications. Certain medicines may cause harmful negative effects on health when taken when the date of expiry has passed.What to do with expired Pepto-Bismol? The CDC reports that 50,000 young children end up in emergency rooms each year because they got into medicines while an adult wasn’t looking. Expired medicines are also not just a risk to the person they were prescribed for and can injure children and pets if taken by mistake.I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inDr. Gregory Hines answered. Family Medicine 26 years experience. Be seen: The black color is most likely due to the bismuth in the pepto -bismol, but you should be seen to get some diarrhea medication and possible testing. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. Not recommended: Pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) has a component salycelate that was linled with a devistating disease called reye's syndrome in the 70's & 80's. ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 6.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank.Pepto Bismol has been a trusted brand for the treatment of upset stomachs for over 100 years. May be HSA/ FSA eligible, please check with your provider.*Pepto is the #1 Pharmacist recommended brand based on a Pharmacy Times 2021 Survey-upset stomach remedies category.How long after the expiration date is pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) safe to take? Dr. Diane Minich answered Family Medicine 39 years experience Not recommended: To take any medication past its expiration date due to decreases efficacy. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can helpUses. This medication is used to treat occasional upset stomach, heartburn, and nausea. It is also used to treat diarrhea and help prevent travelers' diarrhea. It works by helping to slow the ...Since a law was passed in 1979, drug manufacturers are required to stamp an expiration date on their products. This is the date at which the manufacturer can still guarantee the full potency and safety of the drug. Most of what is known about drug expiration dates comes from a study conducted by the Food and Drug Administration at the request ...Constipation. Bismuth subsalicylate reduces the flow of water in stools so it may result in the hardening of stools. Expired Pepto Bismol can sometimes worsen this side effect. Salicylism. It is a condition that results from ingesting salicylates for a very long time.Dr. Vivek Huilgol answered. Gastroenterology 37 years experience. Yes: The commonest side effects from pepto are black stool, black tongue, constipation and - if really overdone - tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Of course... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Yes: It is a long established liquid product that aids in digestive upset. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. 3.6M subscribers in the NoStupidQuestions community. Ask away! Do Pepto Bismol chewable tablets expire? The last time I purchased them was about 2 years ago but they don’t have an expiration date on them :(Feb 5, 2002 · Pepto-Bismol was invented in 1901 by a doctor in New York, as a response to cholera infantum, an illness which caused severe diarrhea and vomiting. The forumula, which he originally called Mixture Cholera Infantum , consisted of pepsin , bismuth salicylate , zinc salt s, salol and oil of wintergreen , and a colorant to make it pink . This has happened to me more than once but not because it was shipped to me. The bottle of pepto is nowhere close to being expired however after it's been opened then sits several days before using again the thick part has coated the bottom of the bottle & the top part is watery & no amount of vigorous shaking will mix it back together.Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe.Hello doctor. how are you? i have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.i have a really bad stomach ache.. is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inMar 31, 2023 · Adults and children 12 years and older can take the following forms of Pepto-Bismol for up to 2 days. The dosages below apply for all digestive problems Pepto-Bismol can help treat. Dr. Gurmukh Singh answered. Pathology 51 years experience. Why are you taking: Pepto-Bismol. Pepto is usually used to treat diarrhea and you are constipated. So quit taking it. For good health - Have a diet rich in fresh vegetabl... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone.Dec 6, 2019 · To take pepto-bismol tablets that expired in May 2019 - Answered by a verified Doctor ... Doctor: Onlinedoc, Doctor replied 3 years ago. Onlinedoc, Doctor. Category ... Aug 22, 2021 · No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. It is not recommended to consume expired Pepto Bismol as it can be hazardous to your health. While some medications remain in good condition even after expiry, you must ensure that you get fresh, unexpired medications. Certain medicines may cause harmful negative effects on health when taken when the date of expiry has passed.Nov 28, 2017 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Feb 7, 2021 · A Verified Doctor answered. 31 years experience. Yes: Taking Tums ( calcium carbonate) for frequent burping may help and will not be harmful. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.4k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Kenny Chuu agrees. 1 thank. VDOM DHTML tml>. If my Pepto-Bismol expired on 9/2018, is it still safe to use? - Quora.Treatment for food poisoning depends on how severe your symptoms are and what caused the illness. In most cases, drug treatment isn't necessary. Fluid replacement. Fluids and electrolytes, maintain the balance of fluids in your body. Electrolytes include minerals such as sodium, potassium and calcium.May 11, 2021 · Not a problem: The ingredients will be insufficiently changed from that expiration date to make a difference. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry. Psychiatry 27 years experience. If you are: Allergic to salcylates (such as aspirin) please be aware that pepto bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) contains subsalicylate. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.May 9, 2023 · Use Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension) as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. Shake well before use. Measure liquid doses carefully. Use the measuring device that comes with Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension). No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can helpThis has happened to me more than once but not because it was shipped to me. The bottle of pepto is nowhere close to being expired however after it's been opened then sits several days before using again the thick part has coated the bottom of the bottle & the top part is watery & no amount of vigorous shaking will mix it back together.Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.

Dec 13, 2019 · Yes: Will not hurt and may help. Medication is usually effective for 1-2 years after the expiratory date. If there is no benefit you will need to get new. Check it out with the pharmacist as well. . How do i contact lowe

pepto bismol expired 1 year ago

Does Pepto Expire It's that time of year again, when your stomach is upset and you're looking for relief. You remember that you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol in the cupboard It's that time of year again, when your stomach is upset and you're looking for relief. You remember that you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol in the cupboard• Diarrhea, Upset Stomach, 6 to 9 years old, suspension (liquid): 10 milliliters (2/3 tablet) every 30 minutes to 1 hour up to a maximum of 8 doses daily, by mouth (1) • Diarrhea, Upset Stomach, 9 to 12 years old, suspension (liquid): 15 milliliters (1 tablet) every 30 minutes to 1 hour up to a maximum of 8 doses daily, by mouth (1)Yes: It is a long established liquid product that aids in digestive upset. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Jun 14, 2021 · You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. ... 529 views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Navita Modi and another doctor agree 2 doctors agree. Feb 5, 2002 · Pepto-Bismol was invented in 1901 by a doctor in New York, as a response to cholera infantum, an illness which caused severe diarrhea and vomiting. The forumula, which he originally called Mixture Cholera Infantum , consisted of pepsin , bismuth salicylate , zinc salt s, salol and oil of wintergreen , and a colorant to make it pink . A Verified Doctor answered. 31 years experience. Yes: Taking Tums ( calcium carbonate) for frequent burping may help and will not be harmful. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.4k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Kenny Chuu agrees. 1 thank.Once Pepto-Bismol expires, it’s no longer effective at treating upset stomach, heartburn, or indigestion. So, if you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol that expired two years ago, it’s best to throw it away. Pepto bismol expired 3 months ago. If you have some Pepto-Bismol that expired 3 months ago, you may be wondering if it’s still effective.I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inDr. Vivek Huilgol answered. Gastroenterology 37 years experience. Yes: The commonest side effects from pepto are black stool, black tongue, constipation and - if really overdone - tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Of course... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone.I took some pepto bismol this morning because i was feeling nausea and now i am feeling considerably worse. i was about to take some more when i noticed it expired in october of 2018. is it possible that it made my nausea worse or is it still safe? A Verified Doctor answeredUse Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension) as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. Shake well before use. Measure liquid doses carefully. Use the measuring device that comes with Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension).Uses. This medication is used to treat occasional upset stomach, heartburn, and nausea. It is also used to treat diarrhea and help prevent travelers' diarrhea. It works by helping to slow the ...Yes: Yes, that should be fine. Just make sure you aren't allergic to Aspirin or taking large doses of anti-inflammatories. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.2k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank.Aug 5, 2022 · The CDC estimates say that each year, 128,000 people are hospitalized and 3,000 people die from foodborne illnesses. ... Bismuth subsalicylate (aka Pepto Bismol®) is generally fine to take. It ... Not recommended: Pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) has a component salycelate that was linled with a devistating disease called reye's syndrome in the 70's & 80's. ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 6.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Share. Dr. Holly Maes answered. Pediatrics 38 years experience. Yes, but...: The Promethazine is fine, but I'm not a fan of Pepto -Bismol in kids. It contains an ingredient the body metabolizes to essentially aspirin, which is a big NO NO in kids during influenza season . I've actually seen a 5 year old die of aspirin overdose from taking Pepto ...No: no, its ok as long as it's not significantly (like 6 months or more) past expiration. The only problem at that point is potency and theoretical breakd... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inMar 3, 2022 · Can i drink expired pepto bismol? Tác giả: Rohto Nhật Bản 3 Tháng Ba, 2022. Chia Sẻ ... .

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